Hospital Reporting Program Hospital Reporting Program Click here to download and install PHRV12.5 on the desktop Steps to install PHRV12.5 1. Download PHRV12.5.zip 2. Go to the downloads folder and find PHRV12.zip and extract it into the computer (Please use 7ZIP to extract the file to the computer . ) 3. Go inside the PHRV12.5 folder and find PHRV12.5.exe. 4. Double click on PHRV12.5.exe and follow the installation prompts. Paediatric data form PHR 12.5 Neonatal data form PHR 12.5 Maternal and Newborn data form PHR 12.

Disease Surveillance Case Reporting Form Disease Surveillance Case Reporting Forms Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP)_Case Investigation Form Acute Fever and Rash (AFR)_Case Investigation Form Pertussis Case Investigation Form Tetanus_Case_Investigation_Form Rheumatic Fever Case Reporting Form Public Health Events Case Investigation Form Contacts for Vaccine Preventable Disease Surveillance: Fiona Kupe (Paediatrician NCD): fionankupe@gmail.com Vienna Nonwo (NDOH EPI) nonwovienna@gmail.com Charlotte Kambaie (NDOH Surveillance) kambaiecharlotte9@gmail.com Masa Takamatsu (WHO VDI) takamatsum@who.int

Promoting child health in Papua New Guinea through paediatric care, research, training, and advocacy. Learn more about our mission and activities. Championing Child Health Across Papua New Guinea Child Health Caring for every stage of childhood Training & Support Building skills, sharing knowledge Advocacy Championing child health for all Who Are We? The Paediatric Society of Papua New Guinea, founded in 1975, is a professional medical society dedicated to advancing child and adolescent health. With a growing membership of over 100 pediatricians, trainees, nurses, and health workers, the Society works closely with the National Department of Health and the University of Papua New Guinea. The Society's key roles include setting national standards for pediatric care, advising on health policies, raising community awareness, supporting medical training, and offering continued professional development and peer support. Articles for Parents Care for Sick Children Children are prone to get sick, especially from infections caused by germs. Infants and young children under 5 years of age are the ones... Vaccines and Immunization Vaccines (also called immunisation) save many thousands of children’s lives each year. Vaccines prevent children becoming ill from... Nutrition Breast Feeding and Good Nutrition Help Your Child Survive, Grow and be Healthy Malnutrition is very common in PNG. Many mothers have... Read More Our Role The roles of the Paediatric Society t o develop and maintain standards of paediatric clinical care and public health, according to the latest evidence. The Society is the custodian of clinical guidelines, and ensures they are kept up to date. Read more...

Research 2015 Research 2015 Dr Edwinah Baleo Improving Severe Acute Malnutrition Care in Buka Dr Ian Kintwa PPTCT in Mt Hagen Dr Mathilda Alloich Birth Asphyxia in Vanimo Dr Mispah Mukap Severe Pneumonia in Kundiawa Dr Paul Wari PPTCT and EID of HIV in Goroka Dr Rosemary Kipalan TB and HIV at Angau Hospital Dr Rupert Marcus Infant Feeding Enga Dr Sharon Kasa Tom GerneXpert in TB diagnosis at PMGH

2022 - Weekly Paediatric Lectures 2022 – Weekly Paediatric Lectures Paediatric training overview and how to learn https://youtu.be/MzbUAiWAopo This teaching session focuses on the many ways we can learn paediatrics and child health, so that trainees can make the most of the learning opportunities, and include them into a learning plan for 2022 and beyond. COVID in 2022 and the other side of the pandemic https://youtu.be/WAP7soFUK6g This session covers where COVID is up to in 2022. We discuss the SARS Co-V-2 variant Omicron and its effect on children. We know a lot about this in the last months from what has happened in South Africa and other heavily affected countries. We need to understand the ways in which COVID in 2022 is different from 2021 and 2020, and what it means for paediatrics (mostly it will be good news!) In addition to vaccines, what other therapies are useful in COVID? Type 1 Diabetes in children https://youtu.be/44Iaw79ktZU In the past type 1 diabetes was rare in children in the Pacific, but it is now increasingly, as it is in all countries around the world. Children with diabetes need careful management of their initial presentation – usually ketoacidosis, and they need careful transition to chronic long-term treatment. There is a lot to think about when we are looking after a child with diabetes, but if we manage all issues then these children can have a very good outcome. In this session we cover all stages of management and describe the complications and pitfalls to avoid. Meningitis and encephalitis in children https://youtu.be/Z3q85tj5zVw This teaching session covers meningitis and encephalitis, and other causes of acute febrile encephalopathy. We cover diagnosis and treatment, including basic measures to prevent secondary brain injury – we will go through all the causes and how to prevent them. To care for such patients, we need to understand the rationale for using certain antibiotics in meningitis, antimalarial therapy in cerebral malaria, and how to monitor children properly to prevent secondary brain injury. We also cover identification and treatment of complications (such as cerebral abscess) and when to suspect other causes (tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, non-infective causes). Pneumonia and bronchiolitis https://youtu.be/UIEIiCBlSdI Pneumonia is the most common cause of child morbidity and mortality, and it is both simple and complicated. Treatment guidelines outline a Standard treatment approach for simple pneumonia, but many cases are complicated, and we need early recognition of such cases. We need to improve risk assessment for children with pneumonia, and this involves early recognition of risk factors. If we recognise these risks early, we can put in place measures to achieve a better outcome. These risks include hypoxaemia, WHO emergency signs, malnutrition, chronic comorbidity, neonates, special x-ray changes, and sometimes other laboratory tests. We need to identify complicated cases of pneumonia, especially empyema, and lung abscess, and cases that will not be treated with standard antibiotic therapy, including tuberculosis or Staph pneumonia. There are ways to do this, and we discuss in this teaching session. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance https://youtu.be/LCL5wJEFeEo Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, but in the last 25 years bacteria causing common infections are becoming resistant to many antibiotics, in Papua New Guinea and in all countries. We need to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, the different types of resistance in different bacteria, and the options of treatment. Standard Treatment is still effective first line treatment for most common infections, but we need ways to identify clinically and with simple tests the patients most at risk of antibiotic resistance. We can put in place steps to limit antibiotic resistance in our hospitals and paediatric wards, this is called antibiotic stewardship, and we discuss the ways to do this. Epilepsy in children https://youtu.be/rhiUQQFbpCI Epilepsy is common in children, as high as 1-4% in some communities. We need to know how to diagnose epilepsy, an understanding of the types of childhood epilepsy, the anti-epileptic medications, why to choose certain drugs, their complications, what to do if one drug is not working, and the overall goals of care for children with epilepsy. Most children and adolescents with epilepsy can have a good outcome if they and their families are cared for in a holistic way. Fluid and electrolyte management https://youtu.be/6i37wZV1SVo In this session we cover the essentials of fluid and electrolyte management in children, including the type and volume of fluid to use, the dangers of low sodium containing intravenous fluids formerly commonly used in paediatrics, the risks of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia and how to treat, the importance of clinical monitoring of oedema and dehydration, and how to calculate fluid replacement in a child with severe dehydration, including the deficit, maintenance, and ongoing losses. Neurological examination of children https://youtu.be/QN5vHMKXzMw In this session we go through the neurological examination of children and describe a practical approach to making clinical diagnoses – by first asking “where is the lesion”, to locate the neurological abnormality, and afterwards ask “what is the lesion”. With history and neurological and general examination, many clinical diagnoses can be made. Vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases https://youtu.be/SSBU5XcrHqo This session covers the basic information paediatric trainees need to know about vaccines and the diseases they prevent, the history of the expanded programme of immunisation (EPI), the different types of vaccines, and the recent changes to the vaccine schedule. This will help you become familiar with the current EPI schedule, and vaccine terminology, for example what live attenuated, inactivated, recombinant, conjugate, and adjuvant mean. We also cover the science of why measles outbreaks occur, and the reasons for recent polio and pertussis outbreaks in PNG. Failure to thrive https://youtu.be/II2C6KV2BPs Failure to thrive is a common paediatric presentation. It is not just malnutrition but encompasses the developmental impact of poor nutrition. Failure to thrive is often a combination of inadequate energy (calorie) or protein intake, inadequate absorption of nutrients in the gut, increased energy utilisation, underlying infectious or genetic condition, psychosocial and environmental factors. It is important to understand each component to manage these children properly. We will discuss the assessment of a child with failure to thrive, the stages of management of severe malnutrition according to WHO and Standard Treatment guidelines, and how to identify and manage refeeding syndrome, which can cause patients to deteriorate after recommencing feeds. Neonatology I: care of the very low birth weight baby https://youtu.be/LV-tib4RQJg In this teaching session we cover definitions of low birth weight and prematurity, gestational age assessment, multi-system complications of prematurity, respiratory complications and care for the developing lungs, nutrition and growth monitoring, gastrointestinal complications, retinopathy, anaemia, hospital discharge criteria and follow-up of very low birth weight babies. Neonatology II – infections https://youtu.be/rzlfrFFdyNc In this session we cover all common neonatal infections: bacterial, viral, including intrauterine, and post-natally acquired infections in newborns. Paediatric mortality and morbidity audit meetings https://youtu.be/ROiuFhpnPpQ Auditing of child deaths allows the identification areas that can be addressed to improve quality of care. About 50% of child deaths have at least one modifiable or preventable factor: in the community, in primary health care, or in hospitals. Audit is an important process, but it must be non-blameful, open to and supportive of all staff, and educational. This teaching session goes through how to run M&M meetings, and the importance of follow-up after such meetings by a quality improvement team to put changes in place. All hospitals should do regular audit, and paediatric trainees need to learn how to conduct these meetings. Cardiac disease in children I https://youtu.be/Iw7pDHKo_BE In this first of two sessions on paediatric cardiology, we will discuss the causes of heart failure at different ages, especially focus on acyanotic congenital heart disease, and the most common left to right shunts (ASD, VSD, PDA). We will go through how to assess cardiac function clinically, and how to integrate the history (age of presentation, severity, symptoms, associated features), the examination finding, the chest x-ray and ECG to make the diagnosis 90% of cases. We will cover the basics of echocardiography, but very often we can make a working diagnosis on clinical grounds and with proper interpretation of x-ray and ECG. Cardiac disease in children II – cyanotic CHD and pulmonary hypertension https://youtu.be/Hm5TyQ8GmwI In this session we will discuss cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), its different presentations in the newborn period, infancy, and older childhood. We will discuss how to manage the cyanosed neonate, who might have CHD, but also might have other conditions, such as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), sepsis, or congenital lung disease. We will also discuss acquired pulmonary hypertension that arises due to chronic lung disease, severe pneumonia, high altitude, and nutritional issues, especially a problem in the highlands. In this session you will learn the ECG and x-ray changes of common forms of cyanotic CHD and pulmonary hypertension, so the diagnoses can be made using clinical features and basic investigations. Renal disease in children https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utB37NOvkbA We cover nephrotic syndrome, post Streptococcal glomerulonephritis and congenital renal diseases that can lead to chronic renal failure. We also cover acute renal failure and its management, nephrotoxic drugs and management of complications, particularly hypertension. Adolescent health Part 1: https://youtu.be/styx0_YSIyA Part 2: https://youtu.be/REIx6UKoAhg This teaching session in 2 parts, by Dr Mary Paiva covers the main issues in adolescent health. Adolescent health is increasingly important in PNG, and paediatricians need a good understanding of the neurobiology, the neurodevelopmental transition and vulnerabilities of adolescence, the factors that influence health seeking behaviours of adolescents, and their health concerns, including sexual health, mental health, substance use, nutrition, and particular issues for adolescents with chronic diseases. Dr Paiva discusses the roles of health services for adolescents in hospitals and in the community, in prevention, education and treatment. Anaemia in children Video links (in 2 parts): https://youtu.be/Ra_eq54-7TY https://youtu.be/h8mQbv1bH1Q In 2021 anaemia was reported in at least 7% of all paediatric hospital admissions, the case fatality rate was 12%, and anaemia was a comorbidity in at least 17% of all child deaths. Anaemia increases the risks of infection, poor growth and development. In this session we will cover the common causes of anaemia in children, especially iron deficiency and nutritional anaemia. We will discuss how to assess the child with pallor, how to distinguish based on clinical features and an analysis of the FBC the different causes of anaemia. We will cover iron physiology, anaemia of malaria, anaemia due to haemolysis and anaemia due to bone marrow failure, and Thalassaemia. We will also discuss nutritional treatment of anaemia, safe use of iron, and indications for blood transfusion. Soil transmitted helminths in children Video link https://youtu.be/OyGiBaejNjQ WHO identifies soil-transmitted helminths as among the neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Many children in PNG are affected by these infestations, including from Ascaris, Human hookworm, Cutaneous larva migrans (dog hookworm), Whipworm, and Strongyloides. This session will discuss sources, lifecycles, clinical features, and treatment of these infections, which cause a lot of morbidity and nutritional problems in children. Trainees need a good understanding of the basics of helminth infections, as they are often truly neglected in our management of patients. Liver disease in children Video link: https://youtu.be/geKKZWi3VgA Liver disease is more common than may think, being caused by a variety of conditions directly affecting the liver, and systemic infections where liver dysfunction is a part of it. Liver disease can be a part of virus, bacterial and parasitic infections, cancer, and drug side effects. Paediatricians need to have a good understanding of liver anatomy and physiology, the different functions of the liver, the production and excretion of bile, and the significance of different tests of liver function. In this teaching session we discuss the differences between physiological and pathological jaundice in newborns, thresholds for phototherapy, the various forms of congenital liver disease such as biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. We also cover liver disease in older children, where we need to distinguish acute from chronic liver disease and recognise the effect of drugs on liver function. We can diagnose most liver diseases with a good history, clinical examination, and an understanding of the basic LFTs. Although there is often no specific treatment that can be given to children with liver disease, many types of liver disease resolve with time, and there are important ways to support such patients to give their liver the best chance of recovery. Paediatric x-rays Video link: https://youtu.be/xBNqltqj8P4 In this teaching session we will go through a series of x-rays to show common problems in seriously ill children and learn how to relate the changes you see on x-rays to the clinical picture and pathophysiology. So many diagnoses can be made by linking these things together (clinical, x-ray, pathophysiology). In the DCH and MMed exams you will need to be interpreting x-rays, so watch the session if you can. Management of critical illnesses in children I Video link: https://youtu.be/WGJ7G7tV5Aw In this session we will go through some common scenarios in the management of common severe illness in children, including severe acute respiratory distress, upper airway obstruction in infants, and sudden cardiac arrest in a previously well adolescent. We can use clinical signs and basic test to differentiate the causes of these clinical syndromes: for example, differentiating when severe respiratory distress is due to pneumonia or airways disease, and then considering the different causes of airways disease at different ages. This type of deductive reasoning allows for specific treatment that addresses the underlying pathophysiology, at the end we discuss a framework for thinking about children with critical illness on ward rounds. Common critical illness in children II Video link: https://youtu.be/4bZt2AkEIKc In this second teaching session on the management of critical illness in children we discuss a few case scenarios and how to approach them, including unusual causes of respiratory distress, the causes and management of shock in a child with Hirschsprung disease, and basic neuroprotection for children with meningitis or encephalitis. Differentiating causes of acute illness, understanding the pathophysiology, providing supportive care and monitoring, and giving time are all important for critically ill patients to recover. How to write a minor thesis Video link: https://youtu.be/KXavdZfRCrg In this teaching session, we cover the next step of how to write a thesis. Includes developing a spreadsheet, ensuring it is analysable, and how to construct and write a thesis. There are many things you can do to make the process easier, and that help you learn about doing research. HIV in children and adolescents YouTube recording did not work In this session we discuss all things related to HIV management. The diagnosis, types of anti-retroviral drugs, mechanisms of drug resistance, and the new recommendations for ART dolutegravir-based therapy. We also discuss chronic care for children and adolescents with HIV, which involves a lot more than ART, including consideration of nutrition, gastrointestinal, lung, cardiovascular, renal and bone health, development, and neurological issues. Care of children and adolescents with HIV also requires improving mental health, self-esteem, and school participation. Paediatric cancer YouTube video link is at: https://youtu.be/5ZxQQr-QsOg These 2 sessions on common cancers affecting children in PNG give an overview, covering acute leukaemia, lymphoma, retinoblastoma, chest tumours, and abdominal tumours. We discussed the diagnosis using important clinical signs, basic laboratory investigations, imaging cancer using ultrasound and CT, and cover treatments of the commonest cancers and their complications, and the management of common cancer emergencies. Acute kidney failure and encephalopathy case discussion Video link: https://youtu.be/dVusXDFI05c This session highlights the many cases of acute renal failure and encephalopathy in children in Indonesia. Dr Nina Putri, paediatrician from Jakarta presents a typical case, and other specialists from Indonesia also provide input. We discuss the likely causes, which include diethylene glycol contamination of cough and cold medicines, or a post-COVID complication that severely affects the kidneys. We discuss similar outbreaks in other countries from contaminated medicines including recently in Gambia, and previously in India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, South Africa, treatment options for acute renal failure, public health measures, and the reasons why some remedies have been contaminated in the manufacturing process.

PHR Reports Paediatric Hospital Reporting Annual Child Morbidity and Mortality Reports The National Health Department’s Child Health Advisory Committee has produced an Annual Morbidity & Mortality Report since 2010. These reports summarise paediatric admissions and outcomes in hospitals in PNG. The reports contain important clinical and public health recommendations for improving child health. Disease Surveillance Case Reporting Forms The World Health Organisation declared Papua New Guinea free of polio and leprosy in 2000. However surveillance is still essential for polio and for other diseases. PNG has a program for reporting of acute flaccid paralysis (for polio surveillance), and acute fever and rash (for measles and rubella surveillance). Reporting forms for these and other notifiable diseases can be downloaded here. Reporting of these diseases requires that health workers know how to identify a suggestive clinical syndrome and take the appropriate test to confirm or exclude the diseases under surveillance. PNG also has surveillance for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, and severe acute watery diarrhoea (to identify cholera outbreaks). Stronger Communities Begin with Healthier Children

Privacy Policy Privacy Policy Effective Date: 01/06/2025 The Paediatric Society of Papua New Guinea ("we", "our", or "us") is committed to protecting the privacy of our website visitors. This Privacy Policy outlines how we collect, use, and safeguard your personal information when you visit https://pngpaediatricsociety.org . 1. Information We Collect We may collect the following types of information: Personal Information: Such as your name, email address, and professional details if you voluntarily submit them through contact forms, event registrations, or membership applications. Non-Personal Information: Such as your browser type, IP address, device type, and pages visited. This helps us improve website performance and user experience. 2. How We Use Your Information We use the information we collect to: Respond to inquiries and provide requested information Manage membership applications and communications Share updates about society activities, events, and child health resources Improve our website and services Ensure the security and integrity of our website 3. Cookies and Tracking Our website may use cookies to enhance your browsing experience. You can choose to disable cookies through your browser settings, but this may affect some features of the site. 4. Sharing Your Information We do not sell, trade, or rent your personal information. We may share information with trusted third parties only when necessary to operate our website or services, or if required by law. 5. External Links Our website may contain links to external websites. We are not responsible for the content or privacy practices of these third-party sites. We encourage users to read the privacy policies of those websites. 6. Data Security We take reasonable measures to protect your personal data from unauthorized access, misuse, or disclosure. However, no method of internet transmission or electronic storage is 100% secure. 7. Children’s Privacy This website is not intended to collect personal information from children under the age of 13. If we discover such information has been provided without parental consent, it will be deleted promptly. 8. Changes to This Policy We may update this Privacy Policy occasionally. All changes will be posted on this page with a revised effective date. 9. Contact Us If you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or how your information is handled, please contact us at: Email: info@pngpaediatricsociety.org Website: https://pngpaediatricsociety.org

In Memoriam In Memoriam Dr Alphonse Rongap Dr Wendy Pameh

Research 2017 Research 2017 Diploma of Child Health Andree Zamunu Antibiotics for the common cold in Popendetta DCH 2017 In Popendetta, antibiotic prescribing for children with a common cold or minor upper respiratory tract infection was common, occurring in 82% of 108 cases. Children under the age of 1 year, and those with symptoms longer than 5 days were more likely to be inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. When health workers prescribed antibiotics for the common cold they were less likely to give basic symptomatic advice. Annette Garae The spectrum of paediatric cardiac disease in Vanuatu DCH 2017 In Vanuatu, 212 children with congenital (166) and rheumatic heart disease (44) were identified between 2010 and 2016. Through a collaboration with New Zealand 61 children underwent surgery in Auckland, with 60 survivors. 20% of the 212 children were on conservative care, many because of inoperable severe pulmonary hypertension from left to right shunts. 12% of the 212 had been lost to follow-up. Justin Kali Adoption and Feeding Practices among children in Southern Highlands DCH 2017 In Mendi Hospital and rural health facilities in Southern Highlands, 85 adopted children were identified. 61 were subject of customary adoption, 24 infants were bought, and there were no legal adoptions. Most mothers had no knowledge of legal adoption practices, or of appropriate infant feeding practices, and 53 (62%) were adopted in the neonatal period. Nearly half of the adoptive mothers had no formal education. Merlisa Birth asphyxia in Goroka DCH 2017 In Goroka over 6 months 52 babies with birth asphyxia were identified, with an incidence of 2.4%. They had a case fatality rate of 23%. 67% were delivered by midwives and in 58% of cases no partograph was used. The major predictor of death was a low Apgar score at 5 minutes (Apgar of 5 or less). Rachel Masta Malnutrition in Kimbe DCH 2017 In Kimbe, the parents of 20 children with severe malnutrition were interviewed to explore the diversity of the diet given to their children. While most children ate carbohydrates and vitamin A containing food daily, more than half of these children did not have a daily source of protein or other vitamins, and more than half did not have a weekly source of calcium in their diets. Rhondi Kauna Oral Rehydration and outpatient treatment of moderate dehydration DCH 2017 Among 129 children with gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration monitored in the children’s emergency department at PMGH, 63 tolerated oral rehydration and zinc well, taking 25ml/kg of ORS over 2¼ hour of observation without vomiting. All these children recovered with home treatment, and 97% of mothers understood how to give ORS. Of the 66 children who did not tolerate ORS under observation in the CED, all improved with half-strength Darrow’s solution. Outpatient management of children with gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration is safe as long as appropriate safeguards are in place: particularly that the family can access the hospital 24 hours a day, the child has 2-4 hours of observation in ED and tolerates 25-40ml/kg ORS and oral zinc without vomiting, parent education is provided on danger signs and when to return, and the child can be reviewed on day 2. Venao Seta Bempu bracelet and hypothermia DCH 2017 Among 97 low birth weight babies monitored with the new Bempu wrist bracelet, which is designed to detect neonatal hypothermia, 6 hourly temperatures were taken by thermometer 1491 times. On 124 occasions the babies temperature was measured by thermometer as <36 C. On 102 of these 124 occasions that the neonate had hypothermia the Bempu bracelet had an orange alarm, with a sensitivity (true positive) rate of 82%. All the Bempu bracelets lasted the expected life of 4 weeks, there was a high alert for hypothermia and prompt actions, including swaddling and skin-to-skin warming. Illiterate mothers were able to recognise hypothermia with use of band. The study is ongoing. Master of Medicine Diana Olita’a Minimal antibiotics in PROM MMed 2017 Among 133 well babies born at term after prolonged rupture of membranes, with a minimal or no antibiotic treatment approach, any signs of sepsis occurred in only 10 (7.5%) in the first week of life, and an additional 3 between 8 and 28 days. There was only one case of proven bacteraemia, and no deaths. Most of the suspected sepsis cases were a transient fever or skin pustules. Minimal use of antibiotics in PROM in well term babies is safe as long as safeguards are in place to monitor for signs of sepsis. In this study nearly 90% of newborns avoided antibiotic exposure and went home at 48-72 hours. This approach can protect against adverse consequences of antibiotics, including overgrowth with resistant organisms and wheezing. Janella Solomon Malnutrition in Honiara MMed 2017 At the National Referral Hospital in Honiara, 62 of 144 children admitted in a 3 month period had some degree of malnutrition. Of the 62, 27% had severe acute malnutrition, 30% had moderate acute malnutrition, 18% had chronic severe malnutrition and 16% had moderate chronic malnutrition. Only 4 children with malnutrition died (CFR 6.5%), after a major campaign to improve the management of malnutrition at NRH, with training, guidelines, monitoring and audit. Kunera Kiromat JE virus and quality of care for children with encephalopathy in PMGH MMed 2017 Among 97 children with febrile encephalopathy, 5 had Japanese encephalitis, 5 had Dengue, 6 had meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumonia, 1 had meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, 6 had malaria, and 19 had suspected tuberculous meningitis. Many aspects of supportive care for children with febrile encephalopathy were frequently not done, including monitoring of blood pressure, blood glucose, anticonvulsant therapy, pupillary assessment and recording, and head elevation to reduce intracranial pressure and prevent aspiration. Other aspects of supportive care were done in more than half the cases, but there was still scope to improve on oxygen administration, Glasgow Coma Score monitoring, recording weight, basic vital signs and providing enteral nutrition. Rose Morre Outpatient treatment of moderate peumonia MMed 2017 Among 120 children assessed as having moderate pneumonia at PMGH, outpatient treatment was successful in 92%. 3 patients were recognised as having clinical signs of severe pneumonia on day 1, and admitted. 117 were treated as outpatients with a single dose of benzylpenicillin, followed by oral amoxicillin for 5 days. Three children were admitted on day 2 with signs of severe pneumonia, and on day 6, 2 children were admitted for non-pneumonia causes. In total 15 children were lost to follow-up. 97 children were cured by day 6. There were no deaths. This study shows that outpatient treatment of moderate pneumonia is safe and effective, as long as safeguards are in place. These include: excluding high risk patients (HIV, neonates), checking for danger signs and hypoxaemia using pulse oximetry, a protocol for education of mothers, including teaching about danger signs and when to return (use structured teaching materials and video), and follow-up and reassessment if a child is not improving to detect undiagnosed conditions which may look like moderate pneumonia (TB, congenital heart disease, HIV). Steven Lumasa PHR in Honiara MMed 2017 Using the Paediatric Hospital Reporting Program as a tool, the case mix and epidemiology of children admitted to Honiara National Referral Hospital was identified. The study identified the more complex diagnoses not summarised in the summary sheet of the PHR, including the different types of TB, the types of cancer, the different types of neonatal sepsis and congenital malformations, and the comorbidities associated with severe malnutrition (anaemia, infectious complications, and underlying chronic conditions). Key findings included: 25% of all admissions were readmissions, suggesting many children have chronic conditions; the highest CFR was for sepsis in older children (63% died); and just over half the childhood cancers did not receive a proper diagnosis of the cancer type. Temane Korowi Neonatal epidemiology in Goroka MMed 2017 In a retrospective study describing 5 years of neonatal admissions at Goroka General Hospital, there were over 5176 admissions, of which 82% were born in hospital, 4% in health centres and 14% at home. The overall neonatal mortality rates was 9.7%, and annual CFRs were 8.07% to 13.1%. The highest causes of mortality were low birth weight, birth asphyxia and meconium aspiration syndrome, and neonatal sepsis. In a multivariate regression the significant independent predictors of neonatal death were LBW, health centre birth and village birth. Babies born in HCs and in villages who are referred to EHPH have higher mortality rates than hospital delivered babies who are admitted to NNU, partly because of referral bias (sicker babies are referred). Bardley Ludawane RHD in Solomon Islands MMed 2017 In a qualitative study of children and adolescents with Rheumatic Heart Disease, the understanding of RDH was explored. Many adolescents knew that RHD affected their heart, and that they needed regular injections, but knowledge among affected patients was often limited. Parents of these children knew they had some sort heart problem, and thought that treatment would make their child better. They showed a sense of trust in doctors, and had a fear of their child missing injections. Because of recent adverse events related to benzathine penicillin injection, and difficulties with syringes being obstructed by powder if not shaken adequately, some clinic health workers were reluctant to give injections. This is a challenge for the RHD program in Solomon.

Registrars Registrars MMED and Diploma of Child Health Program Post-graduate paediatric training for doctors is conducted by the School of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of PNG. Doctors who have completed 2 years post-residency (working as a service registrar) begin by doing a one-year Diploma of Child Health (DCH). This can be done from any hospital in the country that has a paediatrician who can provide supervision. The Master of Medicine in paediatrics is a 4 year course, in addition to the DCH year, during which trainees work as paediatric registrars. The course includes the Part I examination process, one year of a research project, and at least one year working at Port Moresby General Hospital. More details on the Diploma of Child Health and the Master of Medicine can be downloaded at: UPNG Post graduate curriculum DCH and MMed in Paediatrics Keep a log book of your training Paediatric cases log-book 2021 This log-book is designed to be used throughout the 5 years of paediatric training, commencing in the DCH year. Trainees should record details of procedures learnt and practiced, cases managed, courses attended, and research projects. Along with the curriculum, the log-book can guide trainees in the skills and knowledge required to be a paediatrician in PNG. Supervisors should review this log-book as part of regular supervision. How to do a DCH and MMed project and write a minor thesis How to do a research project and write a minor thesis ADC 2018 This paper describes the steps in conducting a Diploma or Masters research project and writing up a project report (a minor thesis). Read it before you start! Epidemiology and practical research methods course slides 2020 A series of 5 lectures: teaching slides on basic epidemiology, research methods and statistical tests Clinical practice for paediatric exams How to do a long case 2019 Paediatric Lectures 2021 Lectures Weekly Paediatric Lecture 1 Covid-19 update Feb 1 2021 Weekly Paediatric Lecture 2 Pneumonia and bronchiolitis Feb 8 2021 Weekly Paediatric Lecture 3 Fever in children Feb 15 2021 Weekly Paediatric Lecture 4 Anaemia in children February 22 2021 2020 Lectures Lecture 1 Covid-19 and children May 2 2020 Lecture 2 HIV in children May 11 2020 Lecture 3 Dengue in children May 18 2020 Lecture 4 Meningitis and encephalitis in children May 25 2020 Lecture 5 Common kidney diseases in children June 1 2020 Lecture 6 Anaemia in children June 10 2020 Lecture 7 Paediatric oncology June 22 2020 Lecture 8 Epilepsy in children July 6 2020 Lecture 9 Child health epidemiology in PNG July 13 2020 Lecture 10 Congenital heart disease July 20 2020 Lecture 11 Congenital heart disease II July 27 2020 Lecture 12 Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children August 3 2020 Lecture 13 Management of CNS TB and TB-related chronic lung disease August 11 2020 Lecture 14 Fluid and electrolyte management in children August 17 2020 Lecture 15 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in children August 24 2020 Lecture 16 Neglected Tropical Diseases in children August 31 2020 Lecture 17 Endocrine problems in children September 7 2020 Lecture 18 Failure to thrive in infants and children September 14 2020 Lecture 19 Paediatric mortality auditing September 21 2020 Lecture 20 Neonatal problems September 28 2020 Lecture 21 Neurological examination of children October 12 2020 Lecture 22 Jaundice and liver disease in children October 19 2020 Your Care Today Shapes Their Tomorrow

CME Continuing Medical Education Q&A 2018 2017 2016 2015 Because Every Child Counts

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